4^th World Brain Congress December 08-09, 2022 Rome, Italy

Track 1: Brain Development

Brain development generally starts a few weeks after pregnancy and is believed to be finished by early adulthood. The prenatal and early infancy years are when the brain's basic structure is predominantly established, and over time, neural networks continue to evolve and get better. The control centre of the human body is the brain. Although a newborn kid has all the brain cells they'll ever have, it's the connections between these cells that actually enable the brain to function. We can move, think, talk, and do just about everything thanks to the connections in our brains. These relationships must be made during the early childhood years. More than during any other period in life, at least one million new brain connections are established every second.

What are the stages of brain development?

Contents

Track 2: Brain-Injury, Trauma and Infection

When the brain is starved of oxygen for a chronic amount of your time, brain harm might occur. Brain harm will occur as results of a good vary of injuries, illnesses, or conditions. Due to unsound behaviours, males between ages fifteen and twenty four are most vulnerable. Young youngsters and also the aged even have a better risk. Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are thought of to be at higher risk for medical building infections compared with alternative critically unwell people and alternative neurosurgical patients. Infection-related mortality rates could also be as high as twenty eighth.

• Neutrophils
• Monocytes
• Natural Killer Cells
• Adaptive Immunity

Track 3: Clinical Neurophysiology

Clinical neuroscience may be a medicine that studies the central and peripheral nervous systems through the recording of bioelectrical activity, whether or not spontaneous or stirred up. It encompasses each analysis concerning the pathophysiology alongside clinical strategies accustomed diagnose diseases involving each central and peripheral nervous systems. Examinations within the clinical neuroscience field aren't restricted to tests conducted in a very laboratory. It’s thought of as Associate in nursing extension of a neurological consultation.

• Electromyography and nerve conduction studies
• Electroencephalography
• Evoked potentials
• Polysomnography
• Intraoperative monitoring

Track 4: Neuro Ophthalmology

Neuro-Ophthalmology could be a super specialty that merges the fields of neurology and medical specialty. Neuro-ophthalmologists square measure chargeable for the diagnosing and management of advanced general diseases of the system that have an effect on vision, eye movements and alignment, moreover as aperture reflexes. Whereas the eyes square measure chargeable for collection visual data, it’s the brain that creates sense of the pictures. Carrying the messages from the eyes to the brain square measure the optic nerves, every consisting of quite one million nerve fibres. With this advanced method comes the potential for a range of vision issues.

• Anisoc anisocoria, 
• Diplopia
• Ophthalmoplegia 
• Ptosis
• Nystagmus
• Blepharospasm 
• Seizures

Track 5: Neuro Oncology and Cerebrovascular Diseases

Coagulation disorders square measure common in cancer patients. In patients with solid tumours, an inferior activated action may result in general and cerebral blood vessel or phlebothrombosis. Cancer treatments may contribute to the present coagulopathy that typically, however not solely, happens within the setting of advanced malignant malady. There could also be TIAs or cerebral infarctions. Due to the widespread distribution of cerebral thrombosis, there could also be a superimposed encephalopathy; generally this can be the sole sign. synchronal general occlusion is gift in several patients and could be a helpful clue to the diagnosis.

Track 6: Artificial Intelligence and Neuroimaging

Radiologist’s area unit among the primary physicians to be directly littered with advances in engineering. Computers area unit already capable of analysing medical imaging knowledge, and with decade’s value of digital info accessible for coaching, can an artificial intelligence (AI) in the future signal the top of the human radiologist? With the ever increasing work load combined with the looming doctor shortage, radiologists are going to be pushed so much on the far side their current calculable three s assigned time-of-analysis per image; associate degree AI with super-human capabilities might sound sort of a logical replacement

Track 7: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience

The development, anatomy, and physiology of the brain are the subject of a concentrated study in the Cell and Molecular Neuroscience major. The principles of neuroscience, which are broadly multi-disciplinary, are derived from biology and psychology with important underpinnings in chemistry, physics, math, and statistics. The curriculum provides students with the chance to combine knowledge from the social and natural sciences, exploring the complex causal chains that connect molecules to behaviour as well as the significant influence that social, personal, and environmental factors have on the shifting patterns of human thought and emotion. Students are encouraged to work in neuroscience research labs, take part in the program's professional development events, and engage the general public. Students can prepare for a range of STEM-related occupations thanks to the Neuroscience degree's unusual multidisciplinary breadth.

Cell and Molecular Biology encompasses study of the structure and function of organisms and biological processes at the level of cells, and the macromolecules that define them

• DNA,
• RNA
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Carbohydrates

Track 8: Neuroinformatics and Neurotechnology

The rising field of neurotechnology deals with compensation of useful deficits of the human system by means that of novel pc and microsystems technologies. Neurotechnology needs the event of accommodative pulse-processing neural computers and novel multicontact neural interfaces to permit for useful substitution of and biface communication with specific components of the system. Accommodative pulse-processing neural computers for neuroprosthetic applications ought to serve variety of specific functions in several environments

Track 9: Protein Interaction in Neuroscience

It may be possible to find answers to unanswered topics in molecular neuroscience, such as the molecular basis of cognition, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, learning, and memory, by mapping the complex networks of cellular proteins in the human brain. Multifactorial neurological illnesses have been associated with changes to the protein-protein interaction networks (PPIN) seen in neurons, glia, and other cell types. Although our understanding of brain PPINs is constantly expanding, conducting experiments on the complex and dynamic diverse central nervous system in both healthy and diseased conditions presents a significant difficulty. This review provides an overview of the most recent functional proteomics and systems biology studies on PPINs crucial for healthy neuronal function, during neurodevelopment, and in neurodegenerative illnesses.

•  Alzheimer's disease
• Mass‐spectrometry
• Neuroscience
• Protein–protein interaction network
• Systems biology

Track 10: Neural Networks and Neuromodulators

Animals are exceptionally adept at adjusting their goals, attention, and behaviours to the surroundings, which makes them astonishingly effective at interacting with a rich, unpredictably, and constantly-changing external world—a capability that intelligent machines currently lack. Such a trait of adaptability strongly depends on cellular neuromodulation, the biological mechanism that dynamically regulates the intrinsic properties of neurons and their context-dependent response to external inputs. In this study, we build a new deep neural network architecture that is especially made to learn adaptive behaviours by drawing inspiration from cellular neuromodulation. In a meta-reinforcement learning environment, the network adaption capabilities are put to the test on navigation benchmarks and are contrasted with cutting-edge methods.

This article focuses on three important types of neural networks that form the basis for most pre-trained models in deep learning:

• Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)
• Convolution Neural Networks (CNN)
• Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)

Track 11: Cognitive Neuroscience and Dementia

Our concepts of the world are stored in semantic memory, which is a part of long-term memory. The impairment of semantic memory brought on by brain injury may have severe detrimental effects on a person's capacity to name objects and comprehend concepts. Numerous types of brain injury, including Alzheimer's disease, can disturb this (AD). The current study summarises data showing that semantics suffers early in Alzheimer's disease, especially on laborious semantic tasks. There is a "category impact," which means that AD affects living-thing notions and abstract concepts more so than non-living items and verbs/actions. While this decline pattern, unique to Alzheimer's disease, may be caused by a failure in the distributed semantic system (where living things are distinguished by a high rate of change),

• Participants
• Cognitive Assessment
• Dementia Diagnosis
• Neuroimaging Measures
• Cognitive Reserve Measures

Track 12: Multiple Sclerosis and Neurofibromatosis

With a birth rate as high as 1 in 2000, neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is one of the most prevalent autosomal dominant genetic disorders. The NF1 gene on chromosome 17, which encodes neurofibromin, a regulator of neuronal development, is the source of the disease's mutations. While benign and malignant nervous system tumours are more likely to develop in NF1 people, other neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), have also been shown to be more common in NF1. There are very few epidemiologic research on MS in NF1 patients. The purpose of this study was to estimate the population fraction of MS in NF1 patients monitored in our Referral Center for Neurofibromatosis. Information was extracted from the database using the Informatics for Integrated Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) platform.

• Neurofibromatosis 1
•  Multiple sclerosis
•  Autoimmune disease
• Genodermatosis

Track 13: Stem Cells and Neuron Regeneration:

A significant issue that causes a lot of pain in individuals is nerve damage. A person's quality of life might suffer significantly as a result of nervous system damage. Since the discovery of stem cells, research on tissue engineering has continued, which has improved the outlook for nerve regeneration. A form of pluripotent cell known as a stem cell is capable of self-differentiation and multiplication. Numerous studies have shown that stem cells can develop into other cell types, including neurons, both in vivo and in vitro when trophic substances are used as inducers. The ability of these cells to be used in regenerative medicine has been proven by scientists after they isolated a variety of stem cells from various organs and tissues in the human body.

• CNS
• PNS
• Stem cell
• biological conduit
• differentiation
• nerve system
• neuron
• trophic factor

Track 14: Neurogenetics and Neurological Disorders

Neurogenetic disorders are diseases brought on by abnormalities to chromosomes and genes. The brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles are all impacted by these diseases. Health issues caused by neurogenetic diseases might arise at birth or later in childhood. Neurogenetic disorders have a wide range of symptoms, some of which develop worse over time while others get better as kids age. Neurogenetic illnesses can have symptoms that closely resemble neurologic conditions that are not genetic. Neurogenetic diseases, however, are not acquired and could be inherited.Families may benefit from the knowledge gained when a genetic reason for a disorder is found. The treatment of particular symptoms may be impacted by genetic variables, which may also allow estimation of recurrent risk in a given family. Neurogenetic problems are treated at Riley at IU Health by a multidisciplinary team of paediatric specialists in neurology, neurosurgery, genetics, and neonatology. Your child may require assistance from additional professionals, including authorities in: Depending on the individual neurogenetic problem,

Types of neurogenetic disorders include:

• Autism spectrum disorder.
• Brain malformations.
• Developmental delay.
• Intellectual and cognitive disability.
• Epilepsy and seizures (genetic forms)
• Metabolic disorders.

Track 15: Neurological Pain Syndromes

A neurological pain syndrome is a type of chronic (long-term) pain that develops when your nervous system is ill or directly damaged nerves are to blame.In some conditions, pain signals are sent by the nerves even when there is no actual pain present. In other situations, the pain receptors in your neurological system are no longer accurate at detecting the pain you experience. Shingles, radiculopathy from a pinched nerve, and diabetic neuropathy are a few examples of typical neurological pain disorders.Patients in Sacramento and the surrounding areas with neurological pain syndromes can receive specialist neurological care at Dignity Health Neurological Institute of Northern California. To learn more about our cutting-edge treatment choices, choose a doctor.

• Spontaneous pain
• Evoked pain
• Hypoalgesia
• Amputation of a limb

Track 16: Neurodegeneration and Degenerative Diseases

Numerous bodily functions, such as balance, mobility, talking, breathing, and heart function, are impacted by degenerative nerve illnesses. Numerous of these illnesses are inherited. An illness like alcoholism, a tumour, or a stroke can occasionally be the root of the problem. Toxins, chemicals, and viruses are some potential additional causes. Sometimes there is no known cause.Degenerative nerve conditions can be dangerous or even fatal. Depending on the kind. Many of them are incurable. Treatments may aid in alleviating symptoms, reducing pain, and enhancing mobility.

Degenerative nerve diseases include:

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• Friedreich ataxia
• Huntington's disease
• Lewy body disease
• Parkinson's disease
• Spinal muscular atrophy
• Alzheimer's disease

Track 17: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)/ Concussions

The most common cause of traumatic brain damage is a severe blow or jolt to the head or body. Traumatic brain injury can also result from an object passing through brain tissue, such as a gunshot or fractured piece of the skull. Your brain cells may suffer a brief effect from a mild traumatic brain injury. A more severe traumatic brain injury may cause bleeding, tissue damage, bruises, and other physical harm to the brain. These wounds may lead to long-term problems or even death. Wide-ranging physical and psychological repercussions may result from traumatic brain injury. While some indications or symptoms may develop right away following the traumatic experience, others may take days or weeks to manifest.

Physical symptoms

• Headache
• Nausea or vomiting
• Fatigue or drowsiness
• Problems with speech
• Dizziness or loss of balance

Track 18: Discovery of a New and Rare Form of Dementia

Researchers from Penn Medicine have identified a new, uncommon hereditary form of dementia. This finding also reveals a novel route that results in protein accumulation in the brain, which causes the newly identified disease as well as associated neurodegenerative illnesses like Alzheimer's disease, and which may be the focus of future treatments. The neurodegenerative disease Alzheimer's is characterised by an accumulation of proteins termed tau proteins in certain regions of the brain. The Valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene, a buildup of tau proteins in areas that were degenerating, and neurons with empty holes in them, called vacuoles, were all found after evaluation of human brain tissue samples from a deceased donor with an unidentified neurodegenerative disease. The newly identified condition was given the term Vacuolar Tauopathy and is now known to be characterised by the buildup of tau protein aggregates and neuronal vacuoles.

• Abnormal neurofibrillary tangles
• Alzheimer's disease
• Neurodegenerative disease
• Tau proteins

Track 19: The Emerging RNA-Centric World of Neurobiology

Our understanding of the biological functions of both coding and noncoding RNAs has undergone a revolutionary change as a result of the quick improvements in genome and transcriptome-sequencing technologies. Our understanding of the noncoding transcriptome's significance in controlling intricate biological processes has grown as a result of recent findings, including the regulatory function of t-RNA fragments and the role of long noncoding RNAs. Furthermore, these findings are allowing us to reevaluate the protein-centric view of information transfer that holds that genes in chromosomes are translated from mRNA into proteins that can mediate biological processes. In reality, mounting evidence suggests that small noncoding RNAs, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), piRNAs, t-RNA fragments, and microRNAs (miRNAs), interact with mRNAs and proteins as well as with one another to mediate particular biological processes.

• Noncoding RNAs in Neurons
• Mediate Brain Function
• RNA Biology
• Axonal Rranslation